---
title: There was Bedwyr the one-handed, Kai’s comrade and brother in arms,… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: There was Bedwyr the one-handed, Kai’s comrade and brother in arms, the swiftest man in Britain save Arthur; there was Kynddelig, who knew the paths in a land where he had never been as surely as he did those of his own country; there was Gwrhyr, that could speak all tongues; and Gwalchmai the son o
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 38, sentence 77

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was Bedwyr the one-handed, Kai’s comrade and brother in arms, the swiftest man in Britain save Arthur; there was Kynddelig, who knew the paths in a land where he had never been as surely as he did those of his own country; there was Gwrhyr, that could speak all tongues; and Gwalchmai the son of Gwyar, who never returned till he had gained what he sought; and last of all there was Menw, who could weave a spell over them so that none might see them, while they could see everyone.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bedwyr, swiftest man, Kynddelig, man, son, Menw · **What happens:** be, hand, save, know, not be, do · **To what, where:** Gwalchmai, Arthur, paths, land, those, Menw

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bedwyr, swiftest man, Kynddelig, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:38:77
# text = There was Bedwyr the one-handed, Kai’s comrade and brother in arms, the swiftest man in Britain save Arthur; there was Kynddelig, who knew the paths in a land where he had never been as surely as he did those of his own country; there was Gwrhyr, that could speak all tongues; and Gwalchmai the son of Gwyar, who never returned till he had gained what he sought; and last of all there was Menw, who could weave a spell over them so that none might see them, while they could see everyone.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Bedwyr	Bedwyr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	Kai	Kai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’s	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	comrade	comrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	swiftest	swift	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	amod	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	save	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
23	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	26	expl	_	_
26	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
27	Kynddelig	Kynddelig	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	58	advmod	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
39	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	42	advmod	_	_
40	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	42	cop	_	_
41	as	as	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
43	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
44	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	advcl	_	_
46	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	45	obj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
49	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	53	expl	_	_
53	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	58	cop	_	_
54	Gwrhyr	Gwrhyr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	58	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
56	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	58	nsubj	_	_
57	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	acl:relcl	_	_
59	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	60	det	_	_
60	tongues	tongue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	63	punct	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
63	Gwalchmai	Gwalchmai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	appos	_	_
66	of	of	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
67	Gwyar	Gwyar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
69	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	71	nsubj	_	_
70	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	71	advmod	_	_
71	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	65	conj	_	_
72	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	75	mark	_	_
73	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	75	nsubj	_	_
74	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	75	aux	_	_
75	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	71	ccomp	_	_
76	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	75	obj	_	_
77	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	78	nsubj	_	_
78	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	76	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	86	punct	_	_
80	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	85	cc	_	_
81	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	85	nsubj	_	_
82	of	of	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
83	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	81	nmod	_	_
84	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	85	expl	_	_
85	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	86	cop	_	_
86	Menw	Menw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	90	punct	_	_
88	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	90	nsubj	_	_
89	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	90	aux	_	_
90	weave	weave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	86	parataxis	_	_
91	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	92	det	_	_
92	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	90	obj	_	_
93	over	over	ADP	IN	_	94	case	_	_
94	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	90	obl	_	_
95	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	99	mark	_	_
96	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	99	mark	_	_
97	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	99	nsubj	_	_
98	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	99	aux	_	_
99	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	90	advcl	_	_
100	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	99	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
101	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	105	punct	_	_
102	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	105	mark	_	_
103	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	105	nsubj	_	_
104	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	105	aux	_	_
105	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	99	conj	_	_
106	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	105	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
107	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | Bedwyr | Gwalchmai |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **save** | past | the swiftest man in Britain | Arthur |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arthur=Theme |
| 4 | **be** | past | Kynddelig |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **know** | past | Kynddelig | the paths |  | a land |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer path=Stimulus |
| 6 | **not** **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | surely *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **do** | past | man | those |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 8 | **is** | could · past | man |  |  |  |  | speak *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **not** **return** | past | the son of Gwyar |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **gain** | past · perfect | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
| 11 | **seek** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 12 | **is a** | past |  | Menw |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 13 | **weave** | could | Menw | a spell |  |  |  | over comrade | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Product |
| 14 | **see** | might | none | comrade |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 15 | **see** | could | Bedwyr | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer everyone=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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