---
title: By this time the whole of the sword was polished, and Kai gave it in… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By this time the whole of the sword was polished, and Kai gave it into the hand of Gwrnach the giant, who felt it and said: Who acts: Kai. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 39, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 39, sentence 89

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By this time the whole of the sword was polished, and Kai gave it into the hand of Gwrnach the giant, who felt it and said:

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**Who acts:** Kai · **What happens:** polish, give, feel, say · **To what, where:** porter, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:39:89
# text = By this time the whole of the sword was polished, and Kai gave it into the hand of Gwrnach the giant, who felt it and said:
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	Kai	Kai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Gwrnach	Gwrnach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish** | past · passive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination» |
| 2 | **give** | past | Kai | porter |  | the hand of Gwrnach |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient giant=Theme |
| 3 | **feel** | past |  | porter |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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