---
title: He took with him his drum, which had holes in one end since the time… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He took with him his drum, which had holes in one end since the time he had climbed up on it to reach a cluster of rowan berries, and his tin sabre, which was a little broken, because he had with incredible courage fought his way through a whole unfriendly army of gooseberry bushes. Who acts: Walter
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 7, sentence 122

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He took with him his drum, which had holes in one end since the time he had climbed up on it to reach a cluster of rowan berries, and his tin sabre, which was a little broken, because he had with incredible courage fought his way through a whole unfriendly army of gooseberry bushes.

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**Who acts:** Walter, drum, incredible courage · **What happens:** take, have, climb up, reach, break, fight · **To what, where:** drum, holes, one end, cluster, tin sabre, way

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Walter, drum, incredible courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:7:122
# text = He took with him his drum, which had holes in one end since the time he had climbed up on it to reach a cluster of rowan berries, and his tin sabre, which was a little broken, because he had with incredible courage fought his way through a whole unfriendly army of gooseberry bushes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	climbed	climb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	cluster	cluster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	rowan	rowan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	berries	berry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	sabre	sabre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
36	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obj	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	obl:unmarked	_	_
40	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
42	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
43	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	conj	_	_
45	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
46	incredible	incredible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
48	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	ccomp	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
51	through	through	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
53	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
54	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	gooseberry	gooseberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	_
58	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Walter | Walter's drum |  |  |  | with boy | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Walter's drum | holes |  |  | in one end |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |
| 3 | **climb up** | past · perfect | Walter |  |  | drum | time |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Trajectory |
| 4 | **reach** | to-infinitive | Walter *not said here* | a cluster of rowan berries |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent cluster=Theme |
| 5 | **break** | past · passive |  | Walter's tin sabre |  |  |  | a little *obl:unmarked* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: which=Patient |
| 6 | **have** | past | Walter |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **fight** | past | incredible courage | Walter's way |  | a whole unfriendly army of gooseberry bushes |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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