---
title: ‘I will sleep here,’ he said to himself, ‘but first I will make a fi… — The Lilac Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘I will sleep here,’ he said to himself, ‘but first I will make a fire,’ And he gathered together some twigs that were lying about, and then took two dry sticks and rubbed them together till the fire came, and he sat by it. Who acts: I, darkness, twigs, fire. A sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by 
---

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# The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 9, sentence 68

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘I will sleep here,’ he said to himself, ‘but first I will make a fire,’ And he gathered together some twigs that were lying about, and then took two dry sticks and rubbed them together till the fire came, and he sat by it.

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**Who acts:** I, darkness, twigs, fire · **What happens:** sleep, say, make, gather, lie, take · **To what, where:** darkness, fire, two dry sticks, sticks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, darkness, twigs, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3454:9:68
# text = ‘I will sleep here,’ he said to himself, ‘but first I will make a fire,’ And he gathered together some twigs that were lying about, and then took two dry sticks and rubbed them together till the fire came, and he sat by it.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
5	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	advmod	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
23	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
26	together	together	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	28	det	_	_
28	twigs	twig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	ccomp	_	_
32	about	about	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	36	advmod	_	_
36	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
37	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
38	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
42	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obj	_	_
43	together	together	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
44	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
47	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
51	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
52	by	by	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | future | I |  |  | here |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | darkness |  | darkness |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to himself=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | future | I | a fire |  |  |  | first *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Product |
| 4 | **gather** | past | darkness |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **lie** | past · progressive | some twigs |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **take** | past |  | two dry sticks |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stick=Theme |
| 7 | **rub** | past |  | sticks *= stick* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 8 | **come** | past | the fire |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **sit** | past | darkness |  |  |  |  | by fire | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by it=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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