---
title: Now when there was anything to be done, the eldest had always to do… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when there was anything to be done, the eldest had always to do it; but if something was required later or in the night-time, and the way led through the churchyard or some such ghostly place, he always replied: “Oh! no, father: nothing will induce me to go there, it makes me shudder!” for he wa
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The Tale of a Youth Who Set Out to Learn What Fear Was, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now when there was anything to be done, the eldest had always to do it; but if something was required later or in the night-time, and the way led through the churchyard or some such ghostly place, he always replied: “Oh! no, father: nothing will induce me to go there, it makes me shudder!” for he was afraid.

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**Who acts:** way, eldest, nothing, burden, father · **What happens:** do, have, require, lead, be, induce · **To what, where:** burden, something, churchyard, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Tale of a Youth Who Set Out to Learn What Fear Was. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, eldest, nothing, burden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:13:3
# text = Now when there was anything to be done, the eldest had always to do it; but if something was required later or in the night-time, and the way led through the churchyard or some such ghostly place, he always replied: “Oh! no, father: nothing will induce me to go there, it makes me shudder!” for he was afraid.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	15	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	advcl	_	_
23	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
34	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
35	through	through	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
39	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	42	det	_	_
40	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
41	ghostly	ghostly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
44	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	46	advmod	_	_
46	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	53	punct	_	_
48	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	53	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	53	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	49	punct	_	_
51	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	49	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
53	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	57	punct	_	_
55	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	57	nsubj	_	_
56	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
57	induce	induce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	appos	_	_
58	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	57	obj	_	_
59	to	to	PART	TO	_	60	mark	_	_
60	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	xcomp	_	_
61	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	60	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
63	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	64	nsubj	_	_
64	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	57	parataxis	_	_
65	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	64	obj	_	_
66	shudder	shudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	53	punct	_	_
69	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	72	mark	_	_
70	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	72	nsubj	_	_
71	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	72	cop	_	_
72	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	46	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive · passive | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |
| 2 | **have** | past | the eldest |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | the eldest *not said here* | burden |  |  |  | always *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 4 | **require** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · passive |  | something |  |  |  | late *property* | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
| 5 | **lead** | past | the way |  |  | the churchyard or some such ghostly place |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent through churchyard=Destination |
| 6 | **be** *speech: assert* | past | way |  |  |  |  | always, reply *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **induce** *in a quote* | future | nothing | way |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Patient clause=Result |
| 8 | **go** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | nothing *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **make** *in a quote* | present | burden | way |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material i=Product |
| 10 | **is** | past | father |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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