---
title: As they were too poor to have any servants, the girls had to work ha… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: As they were too poor to have any servants, the girls had to work hard, like peasants, and the sons, for their part, cultivated the fields to earn their living. Who acts: friends, girls. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Beauty and the Beast, part 1, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, Beauty and the Beast, part 1, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As they were too poor to have any servants, the girls had to work hard, like peasants, and the sons, for their part, cultivated the fields to earn their living.

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**Who acts:** friends, girls · **What happens:** be, have, work, cultivate, earn, live · **To what, where:** servants, fields, living

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Beauty and the Beast, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends, girls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:14:11
# text = As they were too poor to have any servants, the girls had to work hard, like peasants, and the sons, for their part, cultivated the fields to earn their living.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	earn	earn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | friends *= friend* |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | friends *= friend* *not said here* | any servants |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | past | the girls |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **work** | to-infinitive | the girls *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like peasants; hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **cultivate** | participle | the girls *not said here* | the fields |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Product |
| 6 | **earn** | to-infinitive | the girls *not said here* | friends's living |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent living=Theme |
| 7 | **live** |  | friends *= friend* |  |  |  |  |  | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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