---
title: After several days he met his rival, the minister’s son, who had spe… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: After several days he met his rival, the minister’s son, who had spent all his money and was reduced to the disagreeable employment of a carrier of dust and rubbish. Who acts: son. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Bronze Ring, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The Bronze Ring, sentence 84

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After several days he met his rival, the minister’s son, who had spent all his money and was reduced to the disagreeable employment of a carrier of dust and rubbish.

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**Who acts:** son · **What happens:** meet, spend, reduce, employ · **To what, where:** rival, money, disagreeable employment, carrier

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Bronze Ring. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:2:84
# text = After several days he met his rival, the minister’s son, who had spent all his money and was reduced to the disagreeable employment of a carrier of dust and rubbish.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	rival	rival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	19	det:predet	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	disagreeable	disagreeable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	employment	employment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	carrier	carrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | son | son's rival |  |  | day | the minister's son *obl* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rival=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **spend** | past · perfect | the minister's son | son's money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |
| 3 | **reduce** | past · passive | the minister's son *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the disagreeable employment of a carrier of dust and rubbish *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: to employment=Goal |
| 4 | **employ** |  |  | a carrier of dust and rubbish |  |  |  |  | nom employment «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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