---
title: The dwarf jumped up in great fright, but he hadn’t time to reach his… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The dwarf jumped up in great fright, but he hadn’t time to reach his place of retreat, for the bear was already close to him. Who acts: dwarf, growl, bear. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Snow-white and Rose-red, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, Snow-white and Rose-red, sentence 86

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dwarf jumped up in great fright, but he hadn’t time to reach his place of retreat, for the bear was already close to him.

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**Who acts:** dwarf, growl, bear · **What happens:** jump up, n't, reach, be · **To what, where:** great fright, place, growl

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Snow-white and Rose-red. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwarf, growl, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:36:86
# text = The dwarf jumped up in great fright, but he hadn’t time to reach his place of retreat, for the bear was already close to him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n’t	n't	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	already	already	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump up** | past | the dwarf |  |  | great fright |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fright=Trajectory |
| 2 | **n't** | past · perfect | growl |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **reach** | to-infinitive | growl *not said here* | growl's place of retreat |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | the bear |  | growl |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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