---
title: I knew his heart, and am certain that if it had not been for the bad… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: I knew his heart, and am certain that if it had not been for the bad influence of those who surrounded him he would have been a good king and a father to his people. Who acts: I, heart, Darling. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Prince Darling, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, Prince Darling, sentence 109

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I knew his heart, and am certain that if it had not been for the bad influence of those who surrounded him he would have been a good king and a father to his people.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, heart, Darling · **What happens:** know, be, have, not be, surround · **To what, where:** heart, Darling, good king

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Prince Darling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, heart, Darling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:39:109
# text = I knew his heart, and am certain that if it had not been for the bad influence of those who surrounded him he would have been a good king and a father to his people.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	cop	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	nmod	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
25	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux	_	_
27	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	cop	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	acl:relcl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | I | Darling's heart |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer heart=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for the bad influence; of those | tree rules |
| 5 | **surround** | participle · passive |  | Darling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | would · perfect | Darling | a good king and a father to Darling's people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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