---
title: Trusty John lifted him up, carried him to bed, and thought sorrowful… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Trusty John lifted him up, carried him to bed, and thought sorrowfully: “The curse has come upon us; gracious heaven! what will be the end of it all?” Who acts: Trusty John, curse, gracious heaven. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Trusty John, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, Trusty John, sentence 25

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trusty John lifted him up, carried him to bed, and thought sorrowfully: “The curse has come upon us; gracious heaven! what will be the end of it all?”

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**Who acts:** Trusty John, curse, gracious heaven · **What happens:** lift up, carry, think, come, be · **To what, where:** Trusty, bed, end · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Trusty John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trusty John, curse, gracious heaven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:41:25
# text = Trusty John lifted him up, carried him to bed, and thought sorrowfully: “The curse has come upon us; gracious heaven! what will be the end of it all?”
1	Trusty	trusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	sorrowfully	sorrowfully	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	31	nsubj	_	_
28	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	cop	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nmod	_	_
34	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	33	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | Trusty John | Trusty |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | past | Trusty John *not said here* | Trusty |  | bed |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to bed=Destination |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past |  |  |  |  |  | sorrowfully *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **come** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the curse |  |  |  |  | upon us | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon we=Location |
| 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | future | gracious heaven | the end |  |  |  | of curse | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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