--- title: He held his sword drawn in his hand, to defend himself if I should b… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: He held his sword drawn in his hand, to defend himself if I should break loose; it was almost three inches long, and the hilt was of gold, enriched with diamonds. Who acts: Emperor, I, sword, hilt. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Chapter I, with its dependency tree and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/43/74/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Blue Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/) / [Chapter I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/43/) / 74 # The Blue Fairy Book, Chapter I, sentence 74 He held his sword drawn in his hand, to defend himself if I should break loose; it was almost three inches long, and the hilt was of gold, enriched with diamonds. **Who acts:** Emperor, I, sword, hilt · **What happens:** hold, draw, defend, break, be, enrich · **To what, where:** sword, hand, Emperor, gold This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Chapter I. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor, I, sword, hilt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg503:43:74 # text = He held his sword drawn in his hand, to defend himself if I should break loose; it was almost three inches long, and the hilt was of gold, enriched with diamonds. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 held hold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 defend defend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 12 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 11 obj _ _ 13 if if SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 17 loose loose ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 20 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 21 almost almost ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 inches inch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl:unmarked _ _ 24 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 hilt hilt NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 29 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 enriched enrich VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 acl _ _ 34 with with ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 diamonds diamond NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold** | past | Emperor | Emperor's sword | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | | 2 | **draw** | participle | | Emperor's sword *not said here* | | Emperor's hand | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in hand=Destination | | 3 | **defend** | to-infinitive | Emperor *not said here* | Emperor | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary | | 4 | **break** *a condition, not said to happen* | should | I | | | | | loose *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is** | past | sword | | | | | three inches *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | past | the hilt | | | | | of gold | tree rules | | 7 | **enrich** | participle | | gold *not said here* | | | | with diamonds | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with diamond=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 73](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/43/73/) - next →: [sentence 75](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/43/75/) - ↑ back to [Chapter I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/43/)