---
title: “Has promised _me! — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Has promised _me! Who acts: Has. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Yellow Dwarf, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 1, sentence 80

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“Has promised \_me!

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**Who acts:** Has · **What happens:** promise · **To what, where:** Queen

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Yellow Dwarf, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Has), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:5:80
# text = “Has promised _me!
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Has	have	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* *in a quote* | participle | Has |  | the Queen *= queen* |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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