---
title: He dwelt in a gloomy cavern on the top of the mountain, and used to… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He dwelt in a gloomy cavern on the top of the mountain, and used to wade over to the mainland in search of prey; when he would throw half a dozen oxen upon his back, and tie three times as many sheep and hogs round his waist, and march back to his own abode. Who acts: Cornwall. A sentence of «The Bl
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The History of Jack the Giant-killer, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He dwelt in a gloomy cavern on the top of the mountain, and used to wade over to the mainland in search of prey; when he would throw half a dozen oxen upon his back, and tie three times as many sheep and hogs round his waist, and march back to his own abode.

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**Who acts:** Cornwall · **What happens:** dwell, use, wade over, throw, tie, march back · **To what, where:** gloomy cavern, search, dozen oxen, back, many sheep, prey

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Jack the Giant-killer. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cornwall), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:54:3
# text = He dwelt in a gloomy cavern on the top of the mountain, and used to wade over to the mainland in search of prey; when he would throw half a dozen oxen upon his back, and tie three times as many sheep and hogs round his waist, and march back to his own abode.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	wade	wade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mainland	mainland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
31	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	33	det:predet	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	dozen	dozen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
34	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
35	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	tie	tie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	conj	_	_
41	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	42	nummod	_	_
42	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl:unmarked	_	_
43	as	as	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obj	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	hogs	hog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	conj	_	_
48	round	round	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	waist	waist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	march	march	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	conj	_	_
54	back	back	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
55	to	to	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
57	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	abode	abode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | past | Cornwall |  |  | a gloomy cavern |  | on the top of the mountain | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cavern=Location |
| 2 | **use** | past | Cornwall *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **wade over** | to-infinitive | Cornwall *not said here* |  |  | search of prey |  | to the mainland | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to mainland=Destination |
| 4 | **throw** | would | Cornwall | dozen oxen |  | Cornwall's back |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ox=Theme upon back=Destination |
| 5 | **tie** | infinitive | Cornwall *not said here* | many sheep and hogs |  |  | time | round Cornwall's waist | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient |
| 6 | **march back** | infinitive | Cornwall *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to Cornwall's own abode *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to abode=Result |
| 7 | **search** |  |  | prey |  |  |  |  | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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