---
title: He covered the top over so as to make it look like solid ground. — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He covered the top over so as to make it look like solid ground. Who acts: Jack, top. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Jack the Giant-killer, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The History of Jack the Giant-killer, sentence 7

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He covered the top over so as to make it look like solid ground.

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**Who acts:** Jack, top · **What happens:** cover over, make, look · **To what, where:** top

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Jack the Giant-killer. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jack, top), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:54:7
# text = He covered the top over so as to make it look like solid ground.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover over** | past | Jack | the top |  |  |  | over *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent top=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Jack *not said here* | top |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive | top *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like solid ground | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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