---
title: And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ a… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ a very big and bonny castle. Who acts: lang, sae. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Bull of Norroway, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The Black Bull of Norroway, sentence 31

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And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ a very big and bonny castle.

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**Who acts:** lang, sae · **What happens:** ga, sair, come · **To what, where:** sae, sight

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Bull of Norroway. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lang, sae), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:55:31
# text = And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ a very big and bonny castle.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	lang	lang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gaed	ga	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sair	sair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	rade	rade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	23	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’	'	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	bonny	bonny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ga** | past | lang |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sair** | infinitive | lang *not said here* | sae |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past | sae |  |  | sight |  | of ' big castle | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of castle=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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