---
title: And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ t… — The Blue Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ the far biggest castle, and far farthest aff, they had yet seen. Who acts: lang, sae. A sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Bull of Norroway, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Blue Fairy Book, The Black Bull of Norroway, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ the far biggest castle, and far farthest aff, they had yet seen.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lang, sae · **What happens:** ga, sair, come, see · **To what, where:** sae, sight, aff

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This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Bull of Norroway. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lang, sae), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg503:55:40
# text = And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ the far biggest castle, and far farthest aff, they had yet seen.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	lang	lang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gaed	ga	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sair	sair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	rade	rade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	21	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
24	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	_
25	farthest	far	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	26	advmod	_	_
26	aff	aff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ga** | past | lang |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sair** | infinitive | lang *not said here* | sae |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past | sae |  |  | sight |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sight=Location |
| 4 | **see** | past · perfect · passive |  | aff |  |  | yet |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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