---
title: The King exclaimed, ‘Good heavens! what do you say? — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The King exclaimed, ‘Good heavens! what do you say? Who acts: King, you. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Brother and Sister, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Brother and Sister, sentence 108

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The King exclaimed, ‘Good heavens! what do you say?

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**Who acts:** King, you · **What happens:** exclaim, say · **To what, where:** Good heavens · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Brother and Sister. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:10:108
# text = The King exclaimed, ‘Good heavens! what do you say?
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | the King | Good heavens |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent heaven=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | you | Good heavens |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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