---
title: Once upon a time there lived a King and Queen who had two beautiful… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time there lived a King and Queen who had two beautiful sons and one little daughter, who was so pretty that no one who saw her could help loving her. Who acts: two beautiful sons, one. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Princess Rosette, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Princess Rosette, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once upon a time there lived a King and Queen who had two beautiful sons and one little daughter, who was so pretty that no one who saw her could help loving her.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** two beautiful sons, one · **What happens:** live, have, be, see, help, love · **To what, where:** King, two beautiful sons, Queen

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Princess Rosette. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two beautiful sons, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:11:1
# text = Once upon a time there lived a King and Queen who had two beautiful sons and one little daughter, who was so pretty that no one who saw her could help loving her.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
14	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
26	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	27	det	_	_
27	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
33	loving	love	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	xcomp	_	_
34	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a King and Queen |  | there | time | once *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past |  | two beautiful sons and one little daughter |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | two beautiful sons and one little daughter |  |  |  |  | pretty *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | past | no one | Queen |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
| 5 | **help** | could | no one |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 6 | **love** | gerund | no one *not said here* | Queen |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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