---
title: And they ruled as only kings rule who have suffered many things. — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And they ruled as only kings rule who have suffered many things. Who acts: heirs, kings. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Pig, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Enchanted Pig, sentence 209

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And they ruled as only kings rule who have suffered many things.

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**Who acts:** heirs, kings · **What happens:** rule, suffer · **To what, where:** many things

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Pig. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heirs, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:12:209
# text = And they ruled as only kings rule who have suffered many things.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rule	rule	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | heirs *= heir* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | present | kings |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **suffer** | present · perfect |  | many things |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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