---
title: Depend upon it some magic or witchcraft has been at work. — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Depend upon it some magic or witchcraft has been at work. Who acts: you, witchcraft. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Pig, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Enchanted Pig, sentence 78

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Depend upon it some magic or witchcraft has been at work.

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**Who acts:** you, witchcraft · **What happens:** depend, be · **To what, where:** magic, work

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Pig. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, witchcraft), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:12:78
# text = Depend upon it some magic or witchcraft has been at work.
1	Depend	depend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	witchcraft	witchcraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | imperative | you *not said here* | some magic or work |  |  |  | upon behaviour | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present · perfect | witchcraft |  |  | work |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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