---
title: ‘Look here, old man, we must really kill that sheep lest it run away… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Look here, old man, we must really kill that sheep lest it run away to the wood again.’ Who acts: you, we, sheep. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Wonderful Birch, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Wonderful Birch, sentence 11

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‘Look here, old man, we must really kill that sheep lest it run away to the wood again.’

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**Who acts:** you, we, sheep · **What happens:** look, kill, run away

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Wonderful Birch. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, we, sheep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:14:11
# text = ‘Look here, old man, we must really kill that sheep lest it run away to the wood again.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	really	really	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
17	away	away	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	again	again	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | here |  | old man *vocative* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **kill** | must | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **run away** | present | sheep lest home |  |  |  | again | to the wood *result*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to wood=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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