---
title: At last the Star Gazer perceived a large lake, and on the shores of… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At last the Star Gazer perceived a large lake, and on the shores of the lake twelve little boats with awnings, in which were seated twelve princes, who, grasping their oars, awaited the princesses. Who acts: twelve princes. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Twelve Dancing Prince
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Twelve Dancing Princesses, sentence 70

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last the Star Gazer perceived a large lake, and on the shores of the lake twelve little boats with awnings, in which were seated twelve princes, who, grasping their oars, awaited the princesses.

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**Who acts:** twelve princes · **What happens:** perceive, seat, grasp, await · **To what, where:** large lake, last Star Gazer, twelve princes, twelve little boats, oars, princesses

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Twelve Dancing Princesses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (twelve princes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:2:70
# text = At last the Star Gazer perceived a large lake, and on the shores of the lake twelve little boats with awnings, in which were seated twelve princes, who, grasping their oars, awaited the princesses.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Star	Star	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Gazer	Gazer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
6	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shores	shore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	awnings	awning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	obl	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
28	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	grasping	grasp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	29	acl	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	oars	oar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
37	awaited	await	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	princesses	princess	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past |  | a large lake |  | the last Star Gazer |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer lake=Stimulus |
| 2 | **seat** | past · passive |  | twelve princes |  | twelve little boats with awnings |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: prince=Value in which=Location |
| 3 | **grasp** | gerund | twelve princes | princes's oars |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer oar=Stimulus |
| 4 | **await** | past |  | the princesses |  | the shores of the lake and twelve little boats with awnings |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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