---
title: When the horse which the Duchess was to ride appeared beside Gracios… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When the horse which the Duchess was to ride appeared beside Graciosa’s, it looked no better than an old cart horse, and as to their trappings, there was simply no comparison between them, as the Princess’s saddle and bridle were one glittering mass of diamonds. Who acts: palace, comparison. A sente
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Graciosa and Percinet, part 1, sentence 73

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When the horse which the Duchess was to ride appeared beside Graciosa’s, it looked no better than an old cart horse, and as to their trappings, there was simply no comparison between them, as the Princess’s saddle and bridle were one glittering mass of diamonds.

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**Who acts:** palace, comparison · **What happens:** ride, appear, look, glitter, be · **To what, where:** Graciosa, one glittering mass

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Graciosa and Percinet, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (palace, comparison), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:23:73
# text = When the horse which the Duchess was to ride appeared beside Graciosa’s, it looked no better than an old cart horse, and as to their trappings, there was simply no comparison between them, as the Princess’s saddle and bridle were one glittering mass of diamonds.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Duchess	Duchess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	appeared	appear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
11	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Graciosa	Graciosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	parataxis	_	_
17	no	no	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	xcomp	_	_
19	than	than	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	29	case	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	fixed	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	trappings	trapping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
31	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	32	expl	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
33	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	35	det	_	_
35	comparison	comparison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
36	between	between	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	as	as	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	’s	's	PART	POS	_	41	case	_	_
43	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	bridle	bridle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	_
46	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
47	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	49	nummod	_	_
48	glittering	glitter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	49	amod	_	_
49	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **appear** | participle |  |  |  | Graciosa |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside graciosa=Location |
| 3 | **look** | past | palace |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **glitter** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | past | no comparison between service | one glittering mass |  |  |  | of diamonds | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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