---
title: At first the Duchess clung to the saddle, but she was very soon thro… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At first the Duchess clung to the saddle, but she was very soon thrown off and fell in a heap among the stones and thorns, and there they found her, shaken to a jelly, and collected what was left of her as if she had been a broken glass. Who acts: Duchess, thorns. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» 
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Graciosa and Percinet, part 1, sentence 88

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At first the Duchess clung to the saddle, but she was very soon thrown off and fell in a heap among the stones and thorns, and there they found her, shaken to a jelly, and collected what was left of her as if she had been a broken glass.

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**Who acts:** Duchess, thorns · **What happens:** cling, throw off, fall, find, shake, collect · **To what, where:** duchess, heap, jelly, broken glass

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Graciosa and Percinet, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duchess, thorns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:23:88
# text = At first the Duchess clung to the saddle, but she was very soon thrown off and fell in a heap among the stones and thorns, and there they found her, shaken to a jelly, and collected what was left of her as if she had been a broken glass.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Duchess	Duchess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	clung	cling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
15	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	among	among	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	thorns	thorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	31	expl	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
32	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	shaken	shake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	advcl	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
41	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	43	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux:pass	_	_
43	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	ccomp	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obl	_	_
46	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	53	mark	_	_
47	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	53	mark	_	_
48	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
49	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
50	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	53	cop	_	_
51	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	53	amod	_	_
53	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cling** | past | the Duchess |  |  |  |  | to the saddle | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to saddle=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **throw off** | past · passive |  | duchess |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **fall** | past |  |  |  | a heap |  | among the stones and thorns | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in heap=Location |
| 4 | **find** | past | thorns *= thorn* | duchess |  | there |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Topic |
| 5 | **shake** | participle | thorns *= thorn* *not said here* |  |  | a jelly |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent to jelly=Trajectory |
| 6 | **collect** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **leave** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of duchess | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Source of she=Destination |
| 8 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 9 | **is a** | past · perfect | duchess | a broken glass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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