---
title: This forest was so gloomy, and so full of lions, tigers, bears and w… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: This forest was so gloomy, and so full of lions, tigers, bears and wolves, that nobody dared pass through it even by daylight, and here they set down the unhappy Princess in the middle of the black night, and left her in spite of all her tears and entreaties. Who acts: forest, nobody, wolves. A sent
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Graciosa and Percinet, part 2, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This forest was so gloomy, and so full of lions, tigers, bears and wolves, that nobody dared pass through it even by daylight, and here they set down the unhappy Princess in the middle of the black night, and left her in spite of all her tears and entreaties.

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**Who acts:** forest, nobody, wolves · **What happens:** be, dare, pass, set down, leave, spite · **To what, where:** forest, unhappy Princess, middle, Princess, spite, tears

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Graciosa and Percinet, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forest, nobody, wolves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:24:18
# text = This forest was so gloomy, and so full of lions, tigers, bears and wolves, that nobody dared pass through it even by daylight, and here they set down the unhappy Princess in the middle of the black night, and left her in spite of all her tears and entreaties.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	21	nsubj	_	_
21	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
22	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
25	even	even	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	32	advmod	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
33	down	down	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
47	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	spite	spite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	53	det:predet	_	_
52	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nmod	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	entreaties	entreaty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | this forest |  |  |  |  | gloomy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | this forest *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of lions and tigers and bears and wolves | tree rules |
| 3 | **dare** | past | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **pass** | present | nobody *not said here* |  |  | forest |  | by daylight | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through it=Location |
| 5 | **set down** | past | wolves *= wolf* | the unhappy Princess |  | the middle of the black night; here |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent princess=Theme in middle=Destination |
| 6 | **leave** | past |  | Princess |  | spite of Princess's tears and entreaties |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent she=Theme in spite=Location |
| 7 | **spite** |  |  | Princess's tears and entreaties |  |  |  |  | nom spite «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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