--- title: I have never seen the sun, or the stars, or a horse, or a monkey, or… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: I have never seen the sun, or the stars, or a horse, or a monkey, or a lion, except in pictures, and though the King and Queen tell me I am to be set free when I am twenty, I believe they only say it to keep me amused, when they never mean to let me out at all.’ Who acts: I, King, free twenty. A sen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/3/42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Red Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/) / [The Princess Mayblossom, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/3/) / 42 # The Red Fairy Book, The Princess Mayblossom, part 1, sentence 42 I have never seen the sun, or the stars, or a horse, or a monkey, or a lion, except in pictures, and though the King and Queen tell me I am to be set free when I am twenty, I believe they only say it to keep me amused, when they never mean to let me out at all.’ **Who acts:** I, King, free twenty · **What happens:** not see, tell, be, believe, say, keep · **To what, where:** sun, me, free twenty, all · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Princess Mayblossom, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, King, free twenty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg540:3:42 # text = I have never seen the sun, or the stars, or a horse, or a monkey, or a lion, except in pictures, and though the King and Queen tell me I am to be set free when I am twenty, I believe they only say it to keep me amused, when they never mean to let me out at all.’ 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 monkey monkey NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 lion lion NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 except except ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 pictures picture NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 29 though though SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 Queen Queen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 34 tell tell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 35 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 iobj _ _ 36 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 ccomp _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 39 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 40 cop _ _ 40 set set ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 advcl _ _ 41 free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 42 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 45 advmod _ _ 43 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 44 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 cop _ _ 45 twenty twenty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 48 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 47 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 believe believe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 parataxis _ _ 49 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nsubj _ _ 50 only only ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 51 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 ccomp _ _ 52 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 obj _ _ 53 to to PART TO _ 54 mark _ _ 54 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 51 advcl _ _ 55 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 54 obj _ _ 56 amused amused ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 57 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 58 when when SCONJ WRB _ 61 mark _ _ 59 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 nsubj _ _ 60 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 61 advmod _ _ 61 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 conj _ _ 62 to to PART TO _ 63 mark _ _ 63 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 61 xcomp _ _ 64 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 63 obj _ _ 65 out out ADP RP _ 63 compound:prt _ _ 66 at at ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 67 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 63 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 68 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 69 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | I | the sun | | | | except pictures; the stars *obl*; a monkey *obl*; a lion *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun=Stimulus | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the King and Queen | | me | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | the King and Queen *not said here* | | | | | set *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | present | I | free twenty | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **believe** | present | free twenty | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | King | sun | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | | 7 | **keep** | to-infinitive | King *not said here* | me | | | | amused *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | | 8 | **not** **mean** | present | King | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **let out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | King *not said here* | me | | all | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Theme at all=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/3/41/) - next →: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/3/43/) - ↑ back to [The Princess Mayblossom, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/3/)