---
title: ‘All your rats took a jump into the river yesterday,’ said he to the… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘All your rats took a jump into the river yesterday,’ said he to the counsellors, ‘and I guarantee that not one of them comes back. Who acts: rats, river, I, one. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Ratcatcher, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Ratcatcher, sentence 57

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‘All your rats took a jump into the river yesterday,’ said he to the counsellors, ‘and I guarantee that not one of them comes back.

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**Who acts:** rats, river, I, one · **What happens:** take, say, guarantee, come back · **To what, where:** jump, river · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Ratcatcher. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rats, river, I, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:32:57
# text = ‘All your rats took a jump into the river yesterday,’ said he to the counsellors, ‘and I guarantee that not one of them comes back.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jump	jump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	counsellors	counsellor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	‘	‘	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	guarantee	guarantee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nmod	_	_
29	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
30	back	back	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | your rats | a jump  yesterday |  | the river |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jump=Theme into river=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | river |  |  |  |  | to the counsellors and ‘ | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to counsellor=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **guarantee** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 4 | **come back** | present | one of rats |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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