---
title: By this time it had grown dark, and the Prince had to go back to his… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By this time it had grown dark, and the Prince had to go back to his own room, and to amuse himself he took up a quaint old book and began to look at the pictures. Who acts: figure, Prince. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Golden Branch, part 1, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Golden Branch, part 1, sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By this time it had grown dark, and the Prince had to go back to his own room, and to amuse himself he took up a quaint old book and began to look at the pictures.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** figure, Prince · **What happens:** grow, have, go back, amuse, take up, begin · **To what, where:** prince, quaint old book

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Golden Branch, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (figure, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:34:35
# text = By this time it had grown dark, and the Prince had to go back to his own room, and to amuse himself he took up a quaint old book and began to look at the pictures.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	amuse	amuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
24	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	23	obj	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	parataxis	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
29	quaint	quaint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	xcomp	_	_
36	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past · perfect | figure |  |  |  | time | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | the Prince |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go back** | to-infinitive | the Prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to prince's own room *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to room=Result |
| 4 | **amuse** | to-infinitive | the Prince *not said here* | prince |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus himself=Experiencer |
| 5 | **take up** | past | prince | a quaint old book |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |
| 6 | **begin** | past | prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **look** | to-infinitive | prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the pictures | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at picture=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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