---
title: They are princes and princesses who have happened to offend me. — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They are princes and princesses who have happened to offend me. Who acts: creatures, princesses. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Golden Branch, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Golden Branch, part 2, sentence 94

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They are princes and princesses who have happened to offend me.

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**Who acts:** creatures, princesses · **What happens:** be, happen, offend · **To what, where:** princes, me

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Golden Branch, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (creatures, princesses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:35:94
# text = They are princes and princesses who have happened to offend me.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	princesses	princess	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	offend	offend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | creatures *= creature* | princes and princesses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | present · perfect | princesses |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **offend** | to-infinitive | princesses *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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