---
title: ‘Gladly,’ she said, and breaking her crust in two, she gave them the… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Gladly,’ she said, and breaking her crust in two, she gave them the half. Who acts: stepmother. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 1, sentence 31

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‘Gladly,’ she said, and breaking her crust in two, she gave them the half.

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**Who acts:** stepmother · **What happens:** say, break, give · **To what, where:** crust, two, half, dwarfs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stepmother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:37:31
# text = ‘Gladly,’ she said, and breaking her crust in two, she gave them the half.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Gladly	gladly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | stepmother |  |  |  |  | gladly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **break** | gerund | stepmother *not said here* | stepmother's crust |  | two |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer crust=Patient |
| 3 | **give** | past | stepmother | the half | dwarfs *= dwarf* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient half=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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