--- title: He had never imagined that any horse could become so big and overgro… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: He had never imagined that any horse could become so big and overgrown, for the dappled horse had to lie down on all fours before the youth could get on his back, and it was very hard to do that even when it was lying down, and it was so plump that its coat shone and glistened just as if it had been --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Red Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/) / [The Three Dwarfs, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/) / 11 # The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, sentence 11 He had never imagined that any horse could become so big and overgrown, for the dappled horse had to lie down on all fours before the youth could get on his back, and it was very hard to do that even when it was lying down, and it was so plump that its coat shone and glistened just as if it had been a looking-glass. **Who acts:** youth, horse, dappled horse, coat · **What happens:** not imagine, become, have, lie down, get, be · **To what, where:** fours, back, that, coat, looking glass This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, horse, dappled horse, coat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg540:38:11 # text = He had never imagined that any horse could become so big and overgrown, for the dappled horse had to lie down on all fours before the youth could get on his back, and it was very hard to do that even when it was lying down, and it was so plump that its coat shone and glistened just as if it had been a looking-glass. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 imagined imagine VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 6 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 7 det _ _ 7 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 8 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 10 so so ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 overgrown overgrown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 for for SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 dappled dappled ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 lie lie VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 xcomp _ _ 22 down down ADP RP _ 21 compound:prt _ _ 23 on on ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 25 det _ _ 25 fours four NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 26 before before SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 29 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ _ 31 on on ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 expl _ _ 37 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 very very ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 40 to to PART TO _ 41 mark _ _ 41 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 csubj _ _ 42 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 41 obj _ _ 43 even even ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 44 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 47 advmod _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 46 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 aux _ _ 47 lying lie VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 41 advcl _ _ 48 down down ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 51 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 52 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 cop _ _ 53 so so ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 54 plump plump ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 55 that that SCONJ IN _ 58 mark _ _ 56 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 57 nmod:poss _ _ 57 coat coat NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 nsubj:pass _ _ 58 shone shine VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 54 advcl _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 glistened glisten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 58 conj _ _ 61 just just ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 62 as as ADV RB _ 70 advmod _ _ 63 if if SCONJ IN _ 70 mark _ _ 64 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 70 nsubj _ _ 65 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 70 aux _ _ 66 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 70 cop _ _ 67 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 70 det _ _ 68 looking look VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 70 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 69 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 68 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 70 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 71 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **imagine** | past · perfect | youth | | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 2 | **become** | could | any horse | | | | | big *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **have** | past | the dappled horse | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **lie down** | to-infinitive | the dappled horse *not said here* | | | all fours | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on four=Location | | 5 | **get** | could | the youth | | | youth's back | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on back=Source | | 6 | **is** | past | any horse *not said here* | | | | | hard *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **do** | to-infinitive | | that | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 8 | **lie down** | past · progressive | horse | | | | | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **is** | past | horse | | | | | plump *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **shine** | participle · passive | | horse's coat | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | | 11 | **glisten** | participle | | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 12 | **look** | gerund | | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 13 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | coat | a looking glass | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/10/) - next →: [sentence 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/12/) - ↑ back to [The Three Dwarfs, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/)