---
title: ‘Big and handsome you were last year, my colt, but this year you are… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Big and handsome you were last year, my colt, but this year you are ever so much handsomer,’ said the youth; ‘in all the King’s court no such horse is to be found. Who acts: you. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, sentence 5

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‘Big and handsome you were last year, my colt, but this year you are ever so much handsomer,’ said the youth; ‘in all the King’s court no such horse is to be found.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** be, say, find · **To what, where:** Big last year, youth, such horse, court · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:38:5
# text = ‘Big and handsome you were last year, my colt, but this year you are ever so much handsomer,’ said the youth; ‘in all the King’s court no such horse is to be found.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	handsome	handsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	colt	colt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	19	advmod	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	much	much	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	handsomer	handsome	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
24	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
28	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
30	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	34	det:predet	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
35	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	37	det	_	_
36	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	41	mark	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | you | Big last year |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  | year | handsome *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the youth |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent youth=Topic |
| 4 | **find** | present · passive |  | no such horse |  | the King's court |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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