---
title: ‘That is all the wild birds in the forest flying about; they are sen… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘That is all the wild birds in the forest flying about; they are sent to stop us,’ said Dapplegrim. Who acts: That, forest, wild birds. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, sentence 66

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘That is all the wild birds in the forest flying about; they are sent to stop us,’ said Dapplegrim.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** That, forest, wild birds · **What happens:** be, fly, send, stop, say · **To what, where:** wild birds, forest, birds, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, forest, wild birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:38:66
# text = ‘That is all the wild birds in the forest flying about; they are sent to stop us,’ said Dapplegrim.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	about	about	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
22	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	Dapplegrim	Dapplegrim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | That | all wild birds |  | the forest |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | the forest *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **send** | present · passive | all wild birds *not said here* | birds *= bird* |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **stop** | to-infinitive | all wild birds *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality we=Eventuality |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | all wild birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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