--- title: He cut holes in the corn sacks so that barley and rye ran out on eve… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: He cut holes in the corn sacks so that barley and rye ran out on every side, and all the wild birds that were in the forest came in such numbers that they darkened the sun. But when they caught sight of the corn they could not refrain from it, but flew down and began to scratch and pick at the corn --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/69/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Red Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/) / [The Three Dwarfs, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/) / 69 # The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, sentence 69 He cut holes in the corn sacks so that barley and rye ran out on every side, and all the wild birds that were in the forest came in such numbers that they darkened the sun. But when they caught sight of the corn they could not refrain from it, but flew down and began to scratch and pick at the corn and rye, and at last they began to fight among themselves, and forgot all about the youth and Dapplegrim, and did them no harm. **Who acts:** youth, barley, wild birds, birds · **What happens:** cut, run out, be, come, darken, catch · **To what, where:** holes, corn sacks, side, forest, such numbers, sun. This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, barley, wild birds, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg540:38:69 # text = He cut holes in the corn sacks so that barley and rye ran out on every side, and all the wild birds that were in the forest came in such numbers that they darkened the sun. But when they caught sight of the corn they could not refrain from it, but flew down and began to scratch and pick at the corn and rye, and at last they began to fight among themselves, and forgot all about the youth and Dapplegrim, and did them no harm. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 cut cut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 corn corn NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 sacks sack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 8 so so SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 9 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 10 barley barley NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 rye rye NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 14 out out ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 17 det _ _ 17 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 20 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 23 det:predet _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 25 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 acl:relcl _ _ 29 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 darkened darken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 sun. sun. NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 But but CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 39 when when SCONJ WRB _ 41 mark _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 caught catch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 advcl _ _ 42 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 corn corn NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 46 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 47 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 49 aux _ _ 48 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 49 advmod _ _ 49 refrain refrain VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 conj _ _ 50 from from ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 52 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 53 but but CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 54 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 55 down down ADP RP _ 54 compound:prt _ _ 56 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 57 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 conj _ _ 58 to to PART TO _ 59 mark _ _ 59 scratch scratch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 57 xcomp _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 61 pick pick VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 59 conj _ _ 62 at at ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 63 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 64 corn corn NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obl _ _ 65 and and CCONJ CC _ 66 cc _ _ 66 rye rye NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 67 , , PUNCT , _ 72 punct _ _ 68 and and CCONJ CC _ 72 cc _ _ 69 at at ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 70 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 72 obl _ _ 71 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 72 nsubj _ _ 72 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 73 to to PART TO _ 74 mark _ _ 74 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 72 xcomp _ _ 75 among among ADP IN _ 76 case _ _ 76 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 74 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 77 , , PUNCT , _ 79 punct _ _ 78 and and CCONJ CC _ 79 cc _ _ 79 forgot forget VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 80 all all ADV RB _ 79 advmod _ _ 81 about about ADP IN _ 83 case _ _ 82 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 83 det _ _ 83 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 79 obl _ _ 84 and and CCONJ CC _ 85 cc _ _ 85 Dapplegrim Dapplegrim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 83 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 86 , , PUNCT , _ 88 punct _ _ 87 and and CCONJ CC _ 88 cc _ _ 88 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 89 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 88 obj _ _ 90 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 91 det _ _ 91 harm harm NOUN NN Number=Sing 88 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 92 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cut** | past | youth | holes | | the corn sacks | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Product | | 2 | **run out** | past | barley and rye | | | every side | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on side=Trajectory | | 3 | **is** | past | all wild birds | | | the forest | | | tree rules | | 4 | **come** | past | all wild birds | | | such numbers | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in number=Location | | 5 | **darken** | past | birds *= bird* | the sun. | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sun.=Patient | | 6 | **catch** | past | birds *= bird* | sight of the corn | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sight=Theme | | 7 | **not** **refrain** | could | birds *= bird* | | | hole | | | vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent from it=Eventuality | | 8 | **fly down** | past | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **begin** | past | | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 10 | **scratch** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **pick** | infinitive | | | | | | at the corn and rye | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at corn=Patient | | 12 | **begin** | past | birds *= bird* | | | last | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 13 | **fight** | to-infinitive | birds *= bird* *not said here* | | | | | among birds *= bird* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 14 | **forget** | past | youth *not said here* | | | | | about the youth and Dapplegrim; all *property* | tree rules | | 15 | **do** | past | youth *not said here* | birds *= bird* | | | | | tree rules | | 16 | **sight** | | | the corn | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/68/) - next →: [sentence 70](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/70/) - ↑ back to [The Three Dwarfs, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/)