---
title: ‘Yes; now I hear such a dreadful crackling and crashing in the fores… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Yes; now I hear such a dreadful crackling and crashing in the forest on every side that I think I shall be really afraid,’ said the youth. Who acts: I, youth. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, sentence 71

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‘Yes; now I hear such a dreadful crackling and crashing in the forest on every side that I think I shall be really afraid,’ said the youth.

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**Who acts:** I, youth · **What happens:** hear, crash, think, be, say · **To what, where:** dreadful crackling, forest, side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:38:71
# text = ‘Yes; now I hear such a dreadful crackling and crashing in the forest on every side that I think I shall be really afraid,’ said the youth.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	10	det:predet	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	crackling	crackling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obj	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	cop	_	_
25	really	really	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
29	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | I | such dreadful crackling |  |  | now |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer crackling=Stimulus |
| 2 | **crash** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  | the forest on every side |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present | I | every side |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot that=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | shall | I |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the youth |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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