---
title: Then she changed herself into a duck, and lay swimming in a lake tha… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then she changed herself into a duck, and lay swimming in a lake that was just outside the palace. Who acts: Princess, lake. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 3, sentence 25

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Then she changed herself into a duck, and lay swimming in a lake that was just outside the palace.

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**Who acts:** Princess, lake · **What happens:** change, lie, swim, be · **To what, where:** Princess, lake

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Princess, lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:39:25
# text = Then she changed herself into a duck, and lay swimming in a lake that was just outside the palace.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	just	just	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Princess | Princess |  |  | then | into a duck *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent herself=Patient into duck=Result |
| 2 | **lie** | past | Princess *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **swim** | gerund | Princess *not said here* |  |  | a lake |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Trajectory |
| 4 | **is** | past | a lake |  |  |  |  | outside the palace | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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