---
title: Just as the youth had flung all the hides with the spikes over Dappl… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Just as the youth had flung all the hides with the spikes over Dapplegrim, and the tar over the field, and had got safely up into the spruce fir, a horse came with flame spouting from his nostrils, and the tar caught fire in a moment; and Dapplegrim and the horse began to fight until the stones leap
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 3, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just as the youth had flung all the hides with the spikes over Dapplegrim, and the tar over the field, and had got safely up into the spruce fir, a horse came with flame spouting from his nostrils, and the tar caught fire in a moment; and Dapplegrim and the horse began to fight until the stones leapt up to the sky.

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**Who acts:** horse, flame, tar, Dapplegrim, stones · **What happens:** fling, get, come, spout, catch, begin · **To what, where:** youth, spruce fir, nostrils, fire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, flame, tar, Dapplegrim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:39:9
# text = Just as the youth had flung all the hides with the spikes over Dapplegrim, and the tar over the field, and had got safely up into the spruce fir, a horse came with flame spouting from his nostrils, and the tar caught fire in a moment; and Dapplegrim and the horse began to fight until the stones leapt up to the sky.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	flung	fling	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hides	hide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Dapplegrim	Dapplegrim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	tar	tar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
26	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	up	up	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	spruce	spruce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	acl:relcl	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
38	spouting	spout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	acl	_	_
39	from	from	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	tar	tar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
46	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
47	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	57	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	Dapplegrim	Dapplegrim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	nsubj	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	conj	_	_
57	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
58	to	to	PART	TO	_	59	mark	_	_
59	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	xcomp	_	_
60	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	63	mark	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	nsubj	_	_
63	leapt	leapt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	59	advcl	_	_
64	up	up	ADP	RP	_	63	compound:prt	_	_
65	to	to	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
67	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past · perfect · passive |  | the youth |  |  |  | the tar over the field *obl* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination hide=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | past · perfect |  |  |  | the spruce fir |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into fir=Destination |
| 3 | **come** | past | a horse | the spruce fir *not said here* |  |  |  | with flame | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fir=Theme |
| 4 | **spout** | gerund | flame *not said here* |  |  | Dapplegrim's nostrils |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from nostril=Source |
| 5 | **catch** | past | the tar | fire |  |  | moment |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |
| 6 | **begin** | past | Dapplegrim and the horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **fight** | to-infinitive | Dapplegrim and the horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **leapt up** | present | the stones |  |  |  |  | to the sky | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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