---
title: ‘Happy!’ cried he; ‘say rather unhappy. — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Happy!’ cried he; ‘say rather unhappy. Who acts: Fanfaronade. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Princess Mayblossom, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Princess Mayblossom, part 2, sentence 76

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‘Happy!’ cried he; ‘say rather unhappy.

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**Who acts:** Fanfaronade · **What happens:** cry, say · **To what, where:** unhappy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Princess Mayblossom, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fanfaronade), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:4:76
# text = ‘Happy!’ cried he; ‘say rather unhappy.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Fanfaronade |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Fanfaronade *not said here* | unhappy |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent unhappy=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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