---
title: The gypsy had often seen the young Prince pass by, with his gun on h… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The gypsy had often seen the young Prince pass by, with his gun on his shoulder, when he was going after crows. Who acts: simplicity, gun. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Canary, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Enchanted Canary, sentence 203

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The gypsy had often seen the young Prince pass by, with his gun on his shoulder, when he was going after crows.

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**Who acts:** simplicity, gun · **What happens:** see, go, pass · **To what, where:** gypsy

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Canary. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (simplicity, gun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:40:203
# text = The gypsy had often seen the young Prince pass by, with his gun on his shoulder, when he was going after crows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gypsy	gypsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl	_	_
23	after	after	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect · passive |  | the gypsy |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past · progressive | simplicity |  |  |  | after crows |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pass** |  | simplicity's gun on simplicity's shoulder |  |  |  |  |  | nom pass «act transitive»: by=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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