---
title: The youth changed himself into a great black horse, and told his fat… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The youth changed himself into a great black horse, and told his father that if a man came and offered him three hundred dollars, and treated him well and handsomely into the bargain, he was to sell him, but whatsoever he did, or how much soever he drank, he must not forget to take off the halter, o
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Farmer Weatherbeard, sentence 116

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The youth changed himself into a great black horse, and told his father that if a man came and offered him three hundred dollars, and treated him well and handsomely into the bargain, he was to sell him, but whatsoever he did, or how much soever he drank, he must not forget to take off the halter, or else he himself would never get away from Farmer Weatherbeard as long as he lived.

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**Who acts:** youth, man · **What happens:** change, tell, come, offer, treat, be · **To what, where:** youth, father, hundred dollars, bargain, much, halter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Farmer Weatherbeard. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:43:116
# text = The youth changed himself into a great black horse, and told his father that if a man came and offered him three hundred dollars, and treated him well and handsomely into the bargain, he was to sell him, but whatsoever he did, or how much soever he drank, he must not forget to take off the halter, or else he himself would never get away from Farmer Weatherbeard as long as he lived.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	iobj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	compound	_	_
24	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	treated	treat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	28	advmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	handsomely	handsomely	ADV	RB	_	30	conj	_	_
33	into	into	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	bargain	bargain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
41	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
49	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	50	advmod	_	_
50	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	obj	_	_
51	soever	soever	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
52	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
53	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
55	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
56	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
57	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	58	advmod	_	_
58	forget	forget	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	conj	_	_
59	to	to	PART	TO	_	60	mark	_	_
60	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	xcomp	_	_
61	off	off	ADP	RP	_	60	compound:prt	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	halter	halter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
65	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
66	else	else	ADV	RB	_	71	advmod	_	_
67	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	71	nsubj	_	_
68	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	67	nmod:unmarked	_	_
69	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	71	aux	_	_
70	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	71	advmod	_	_
71	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	conj	_	_
72	away	away	ADV	RB	_	71	advmod	_	_
73	from	from	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
74	Farmer	Farmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	75	compound	_	_
75	Weatherbeard	Weatherbeard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	72	obl	_	_
76	as	as	ADV	RB	_	77	advmod	_	_
77	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	71	advmod	_	_
78	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	80	mark	_	_
79	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	80	nsubj	_	_
80	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	77	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the youth | youth |  |  |  | into a great black horse *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into horse=Result |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | youth's father |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent father=Recipient |
| 3 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | a man |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **offer** | past | a man *not said here* | hundred dollars | youth |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent he=Goal dollar=Theme |
| 5 | **treat** | past |  |  | youth | the bargain |  | well *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 6 | **is** | past | youth |  | father |  |  | sell *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **do** | past | youth |  |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **drink** | past | youth | much |  |  |  | soever *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient |
| 9 | **not** **forget** | must | youth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **take off** | to-infinitive | youth *not said here* | the halter |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent halter=Theme |
| 11 | **not** **get away** | would | youth |  |  |  |  | away, else, long *property* | vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 12 | **live** | past | youth |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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