---
title: ‘Wait a minute,’ he said; ‘you are walking as if for a wager, but yo… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Wait a minute,’ he said; ‘you are walking as if for a wager, but you ought to have stayed to see your younger brother before you hurried off into the world.’ Who acts: boy, you. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Mother Holle, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Mother Holle, part 1, sentence 71

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Wait a minute,’ he said; ‘you are walking as if for a wager, but you ought to have stayed to see your younger brother before you hurried off into the world.’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** boy, you · **What happens:** wait, say, walk, stay, see, hurry off · **To what, where:** younger brother, world · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Mother Holle, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:44:71
# text = ‘Wait a minute,’ he said; ‘you are walking as if for a wager, but you ought to have stayed to see your younger brother before you hurried off into the world.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	ccomp	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	wager	wager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
24	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux	_	_
25	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
28	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	30	amod	_	_
30	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
31	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	hurried	hurry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
34	off	off	ADP	RP	_	33	compound:prt	_	_
35	into	into	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | minute |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **walk** | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  | for a wager | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stay** | ought · perfect | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **see** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* | your younger brother |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer brother=Stimulus |
| 6 | **hurry off** | past | you |  |  | the world |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into world=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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