---
title: At last there was no one left but one wretched old hag who was lying… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At last there was no one left but one wretched old hag who was lying behind the stove. Who acts: one wretched old hag. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Mother Holle, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Mother Holle, part 3, sentence 44

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At last there was no one left but one wretched old hag who was lying behind the stove.

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**Who acts:** one wretched old hag · **What happens:** leave, lie · **To what, where:** one, stove

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Mother Holle, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one wretched old hag), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:46:44
# text = At last there was no one left but one wretched old hag who was lying behind the stove.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	wretched	wretched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	hag	hag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  | no one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lie** | past · progressive | one wretched old hag |  |  | the stove |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind stove=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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