---
title: And by the witchcraft which she understood so well she made a poison… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And by the witchcraft which she understood so well she made a poisonous comb; then she dressed herself up and assumed the form of another old woman. Who acts: SNOWDROP. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Bushy Bride, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Bushy Bride, sentence 211

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And by the witchcraft which she understood so well she made a poisonous comb; then she dressed herself up and assumed the form of another old woman.

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**Who acts:** SNOWDROP · **What happens:** understand, make, dress up, assume, form · **To what, where:** witchcraft, poisonous comb, SNOWDROP, form, old woman

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Bushy Bride. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (SNOWDROP), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:47:211
# text = And by the witchcraft which she understood so well she made a poisonous comb; then she dressed herself up and assumed the form of another old woman.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	witchcraft	witchcraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	comb	comb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	assumed	assume	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	28	det	_	_
27	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past | SNOWDROP | the witchcraft |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | past | SNOWDROP | a poisonous comb |  |  |  | by the witchcraft | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comb=Product |
| 3 | **dress up** | past | SNOWDROP | SNOWDROP |  |  | then |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herself=Patient |
| 4 | **assume** | past | SNOWDROP *not said here* | the form of another old woman |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | another old woman |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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