---
title: But now she and Sigurd loved each other, and promised to be true to… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But now she and Sigurd loved each other, and promised to be true to each other, and he gave her a ring, and it was the last ring taken from the dwarf Andvari. Who acts: curse, Sigurd, ring. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Story of Sigurd, sentence 100

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But now she and Sigurd loved each other, and promised to be true to each other, and he gave her a ring, and it was the last ring taken from the dwarf Andvari.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** curse, Sigurd, ring · **What happens:** love, promise, be, give, take · **To what, where:** each, ring, curse, last ring, dwarf Andvari

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (curse, Sigurd, ring), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:51:100
# text = But now she and Sigurd loved each other, and promised to be true to each other, and he gave her a ring, and it was the last ring taken from the dwarf Andvari.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obj	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	14	obl	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
22	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	parataxis	_	_
32	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	Andvari	Andvari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | curse | each |  |  | now |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | curse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | curse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to each; true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | past | Sigurd | a ring | curse |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient ring=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | past | ring | the last ring |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **take** | participle |  | the last ring *not said here* |  | the dwarf Andvari |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from andvari=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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