---
title: And he gave her a ring, and she gave him back the ring he had given… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And he gave her a ring, and she gave him back the ring he had given her before in his own shape as Sigurd, and it was the last ring of that poor dwarf Andvari. Who acts: Sigurd, Brynhild, ring, shape. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd, with its dependency tree an
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Story of Sigurd, sentence 112

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he gave her a ring, and she gave him back the ring he had given her before in his own shape as Sigurd, and it was the last ring of that poor dwarf Andvari.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sigurd, Brynhild, ring, shape · **What happens:** give, give back, be · **To what, where:** ring, Brynhild, Sigurd, last ring

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sigurd, Brynhild, ring, shape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:51:112
# text = And he gave her a ring, and she gave him back the ring he had given her before in his own shape as Sigurd, and it was the last ring of that poor dwarf Andvari.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	37	nsubj	_	_
35	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	Andvari	Andvari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Sigurd | a ring | Brynhild |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient ring=Theme |
| 2 | **give back** | past | Brynhild | the ring | Sigurd |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient ring=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | past · perfect · passive | the ring *not said here* | Sigurd |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient shape=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | past | shape | the last ring |  |  |  | of poor dwarf Andvari | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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