---
title: Because it is so old and so beautiful the story is told here again,… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Because it is so old and so beautiful the story is told here again, but it has a sad ending—indeed it is all sad, and all about fighting and killing, as might be expected from the Danes.) Who acts: tale. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd, with its dependency tree
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Story of Sigurd, sentence 3

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Because it is so old and so beautiful the story is told here again, but it has a sad ending—indeed it is all sad, and all about fighting and killing, as might be expected from the Danes.)

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**Who acts:** tale · **What happens:** be, tell, have, fight, kill, expect · **To what, where:** old story, sad ending, Danes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:51:3
# text = Because it is so old and so beautiful the story is told here again, but it has a sad ending—indeed it is all sad, and all about fighting and killing, as might be expected from the Danes.)
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
14	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	ending	ending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	all	all	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	all	all	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
31	about	about	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	parataxis	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
37	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl	_	_
40	from	from	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	Danes	Dane	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | tale |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | tale *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the old story |  | here | again |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **have** | present | tale | a sad ending |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | tale |  |  |  |  | all, indeed, sad *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **fight** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **kill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **expect** | might · passive | tale *not said here* |  |  | the Danes |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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