---
title: But Sigurd waited till half of him had crawled over the pit, and the… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But Sigurd waited till half of him had crawled over the pit, and then he thrust the sword Gram right into his very heart. Who acts: Sigurd. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Story of Sigurd, sentence 61

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But Sigurd waited till half of him had crawled over the pit, and then he thrust the sword Gram right into his very heart.

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**Who acts:** Sigurd · **What happens:** wait, crawl, thrust · **To what, where:** half, pit, sword, heart

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Sigurd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sigurd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:51:61
# text = But Sigurd waited till half of him had crawled over the pit, and then he thrust the sword Gram right into his very heart.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	thrust	thrust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	Gram	Gram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
21	right	right	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	very	very	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | Sigurd |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **crawl** | past · perfect · passive |  | half of Sigurd |  | the pit |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **thrust** | past | Sigurd | the sword |  | Sigurd's heart | then |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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