---
title: ‘Yes,’ said Halvor, ‘he has only gone to break down a bit of spruce… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Yes,’ said Halvor, ‘he has only gone to break down a bit of spruce fir. Who acts: Halvor. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Soria Moria Castle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, Soria Moria Castle, sentence 168

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‘Yes,’ said Halvor, ‘he has only gone to break down a bit of spruce fir.

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**Who acts:** Halvor · **What happens:** say, go, break down · **To what, where:** bit · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Soria Moria Castle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Halvor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:6:168
# text = ‘Yes,’ said Halvor, ‘he has only gone to break down a bit of spruce fir.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Halvor	Halvor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	spruce	spruce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Halvor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | present · perfect | Halvor |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **break down** | to-infinitive | Halvor *not said here* | a bit of spruce fir |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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