---
title: They were all very handsome, and very expert in all arts and exercis… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They were all very handsome, and very expert in all arts and exercises, so that they gained the love and esteem of all that had seen them. Who acts: sons, esteem. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen., sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were all very handsome, and very expert in all arts and exercises, so that they gained the love and esteem of all that had seen them.

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**Who acts:** sons, esteem · **What happens:** be, gain, see · **To what, where:** arts, love, sons

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, esteem), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:8:35
# text = They were all very handsome, and very expert in all arts and exercises, so that they gained the love and esteem of all that had seen them.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	handsome	handsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	expert	expert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	exercises	exercise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	19	mark	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	esteem	esteem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	acl:relcl	_	_
29	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | sons *= son* |  |  |  |  | all, handsome *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | sons *= son* *not said here* |  |  | all arts and exercises |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **gain** | past | sons *= son* | the love and esteem |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | past · perfect | esteem | sons *= son* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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