---
title: ‘And now,’ said he, ‘we are travelling, and do not know whether we a… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘And now,’ said he, ‘we are travelling, and do not know whether we are on the right road or not.’ Who acts: youngest, we. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen., sentence 48

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‘And now,’ said he, ‘we are travelling, and do not know whether we are on the right road or not.’

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**Who acts:** youngest, we · **What happens:** say, travel, not know, be · **To what, where:** right road · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youngest, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:8:48
# text = ‘And now,’ said he, ‘we are travelling, and do not know whether we are on the right road or not.’
1	‘	‘	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
18	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
19	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	ccomp	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **travel** | present · progressive | youngest *= young* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **know** | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | present | we |  |  | the right road |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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